All
Tenses Sentence Structure
Tense
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary
Verb
|
Main
Verb
|
Objects
|
|
I/He
|
Work(s)
|
in the
city.
Where
does he work?
|
|||
You
I
|
Are
am
|
studying
|
math
at the moment.
What
are you studying?
|
||
We
|
flew
|
to
Germany last month.
Where
did you fly last month?
|
|||
They
|
were
|
watching
|
TV at
three o'clock yesterday afternoon.
When
were they watching T.V. yesterday?
What
were they doing at three o’clock yesterday?
|
||
Mary
|
will
|
help
|
the
students.
Will
Mary help the students?
Yes,
she will.
What
will Mary do (tomorrow)?
Whom
will Mary help?
|
||
You
He
I
|
are
going to
is
am
|
move
|
to New
York.
Where
are you going to move?
What
are you going to do?
|
||
Anna
|
will
be
|
working
|
at
three o'clock tomorrow.
When
will Anna be working?
At
what time will Anna be working tomorrow?
|
||
We
|
have
|
lived
|
in
Seattle for a long time.
Where
have you lived?
How
long have you lived in Seattle?
|
||
He
|
has
been
|
playing
|
golf
for two hours.
How
long has he been playing golf?
|
||
We
|
had
|
eaten
|
dinner
before he arrived.
What
had you done before he arrived?
|
||
She
|
had
been
|
studying
|
for
three hours when he arrived.
What had
she been doing when he arrived?
How
long had she been studying when he arrived?
|
||
I
|
will
have
|
finished
|
the
job by tomorrow.
When
will you have finished the job?
When
will the job have been finished?
|
||
We
|
will
have been
|
working
|
for
eleven hours by ten o'clock.
How
long will you have been working by ten o’clock?
|
||
Tense
|
(Question
Word)
|
Auxiliary
Verb
|
Subject
|
Main
Verb
|
(Objects)?
|
Present
Simple
|
Where
|
do
|
you
|
live
|
?
|
Present
Continuous
|
What
|
are
|
you
|
doing
|
with
that?
|
Past
Simple
|
When
|
did
|
he
|
move
|
to
Chicago?
|
Past
Continuous
|
What
|
were
|
they
|
doing
|
when
he arrived?
|
Future
with Will
|
How
|
will
|
she
|
travel
|
to
Seattle?
|
Future
with Going to
|
Where
|
are
|
you
|
going
to stay
|
on
vacation?
|
Future
Continuous
|
What
time
|
will
|
he
|
be
giving
|
his
presentation?
|
Present
Perfect
|
How
often
|
have
|
you
|
been
|
to
France?
|
Present
Perfect Continuous
|
How
long
|
has
|
she
|
been
playing
|
tennis?
|
Past
Perfect
|
How
much
|
had
|
she
|
completed
|
before
it was due?
|
Past
Perfect Continuous
|
How
long
|
had
|
they
|
been
sleeping
|
when
he woke them up?
|
Future
Perfect
|
How
many books
|
will
|
they
|
have
read
|
by
the end of the month.
|
Future
Perfect Continuous
|
How
long
|
will
|
Tom
|
have
been playing
|
golf
by the end of the day?
|
All
Tenses
tense
|
Affirmative/Negative/Question
|
Use
|
Signal Words
|
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak? |
§ action in the present taking place once, never or several
times
§ facts
§ actions taking place one after another
§ action set by a timetable or schedule
|
always, every …, never, normally, often,
seldom, sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If Italk, …) |
|
A: He
is speaking.
N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking? |
§ action taking place in the moment of speaking
§ action taking place only for a limited period of time
§ action arranged for the future
|
at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!,
now, right now
|
|
A: He
spoke.
N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? |
§ action in the past taking place once, never or several times
§ actions taking place one after another
§ action taking place in the middle of another action
|
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day,
last Friday
if sentence type II (If Italked, …) |
|
A: He
was speaking.
N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking? |
§ action going on at a certain time in the past
§ actions taking place at the same time
§ action in the past that is interrupted by another action
|
when, while, as long as
|
|
A: He
has spoken.
N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken? |
§ putting emphasis on the result
§ action that is still going on
§ action that stopped recently
§ finished action that has an influence on the present
§ action that has taken place once, never or several times before the
moment of speaking
|
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till
now, up to now
|
|
A: He
has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking? |
§ putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the
result)
§ action that recently stopped or is still going on
§ finished action that influenced the present
|
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the
whole week
|
|
A: He
had spoken.
N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken? |
§ action taking place before a certain time in the past
§ sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive
§ putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)
|
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that
day
if sentence type III (If I had talked, …) |
|
|
Continuous
|
A: He
had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking? |
§ action taking place before a certain time in the past
§ sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
§ putting emphasis on the duration or course of an
action
|
for, since, the whole day, all day
|
A: He
will speak.
N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? |
§ action in the future that cannot be influenced
§ spontaneous decision
§ assumption with regard to the future
|
in a year, next …, tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, shewill help you.) assumption: I think, probably, perhaps |
|
|
(going to)
|
A: He
is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak? |
§ decision made for the future
§ conclusion with regard to the future
|
in one year, next week, tomorrow
|
A: He
will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking? |
§ action that is going on at a certain time in the
future
§ action that is sure to happen in the near future
|
in one year, next week, tomorrow
|
|
A: He
will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken? |
§ action that will be finished at a certain time in the
future
|
by Monday, in a week
|
7/8 In Class Activities – positive sentence, negative sentence, and question
1. Simple Present
I always go to bed at 12 midnight.
I never go to bed at 12 midnight.
I go to bed at 12 midnight.
I don’t go to bed at 12 midnight.
Do you go to bed at 12 midnight?
What time do you go to bed?
My mom never speaks.
I always drive my car carefully.
I always study English in class.
The water boils at 90 degrees.
2. Present Progressive/Continuous
Bill is swimming right now.
Bill is not swimming right now.
Is Bill swimming right now?
We are not studying English at the moment.
I’m eating my breakfast right now.
3. Simple Past
He visited his parents yesterday.
He didn’t visit his parents yesterday.
Did he visit his parents yesterday?
Yesterday, I had a serious headache so I slept all day.
4. Past Progressive/Continuous
The baby was crying while his mother entered the room.
The baby was not crying while his mother entered the room.
Was the baby crying while his mother entered the room?
What was the baby doing while his mother entered the room?
I was studying English last night.
5. Present Perfect Simple
Many American tourists have visited Cuba by now.
Many American tourists haven’t visited Cuba yet.
Have many American tourists visited Cuba yet?
How many American tourists have visited Cuba by now?
I have already eaten.
6. Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous
The teacher has been teaching present perfect for one week.
The teacher hasn’t been teaching present perfect for one week.
Has the teacher been teaching present perfect for one week.
I have been learning English for one month.
7. Past Perfect Simple
I had already left my country when the war started.
I hadn’t already left my country when the war started.
Had you left your country when the war started?
When had you left your country?
I’d never missed a homework assignment.
8. Past Perfect Progressive/Continuous
She had been driving for 30 minutes.
She hadn’t been driving for 30 minutes.
Had she been driving for 30 minutes.
He had been writing all day.
9. Future 1 Simple
Adrian and Mattias will travel tomorrow.
Adrian and Mattias won’t travel tomorrow.
Will Adrian and Mattias travel tomorrow?
When will Adrian and Mattias travel?
I will drive a new car next year.
Activity
– All Tenses Exercise
Fill the gaps with the correct tenses.
1.
I (learn) English for seven
years now.
2.
But last year I (not / work) hard enough for
English, that's why my marks (not / be) really
that good then.
3.
As I (pass / want) my English exam
successfully next year, I (study) harder
this term.
4.
During my last summer
holidays, my parents (send) me
on a language course to London.
5.
It (be) great and I (think) I (learn) a lot.
6.
Before I (go) to London, I (not / enjoy) learning English.
7.
But while I (do) the language
course, I (meet) lots
of young people from all over the world.
8.
There I (notice) how important it (be) to speak foreign
languages nowadays.
9.
Now I (have) much more fun
learning English than I (have) before
the course.
10.
At the moment I (revise) English grammar.
11.
And I (begin / already) to
read the texts in my English textbooks again.
12.
I (think) I (do) one unit every
week.
13.
My exam (be) on 15 May, so
there (not / be) any
time to be lost.
14.
If I (pass) my exams
successfully, I (start) an
apprenticeship in September.
15.
And after my
apprenticeship, maybe I (go) back
to London to work there for a while.
16.
As you (see / can) , I (become) a real London fan
already.
Answers
below:
- I have been learning (present perfect continuous)
English for seven years now. - But last year I was not working (past continuous) hard
enough for English, that's why my marks were not really that good then.
- As I want to pass my English exam successfully next
year, I am going to (future) study harder
this term.
- During my last summer holidays, my parents
sent (simple
past) me on a language course
to London.
- It was great and I think I have learned (present perfect) a lot.
- Before I went to London, I had not enjoyed (past perfect) learning English.
- But while I was doing the language course, I met
(simple past) lots of young people
from all over
the world.
- There I noticed how important it is (simple present) to speak foreign languages nowadays.
- Now I have much more fun learning English than I had
(simple past) before the course.
- At the moment I am revising (present continuous) English grammar.
- And I have already begun
(present perfect) to read the texts in my English textbooks again.
- I think I will do (future) one unit every week.
- My exam is on 15 May, so there is not (simple present) any time to be lost.
- If I pass my exams successfully, I will start (future) an apprenticeship in September.
- And after my apprenticeship, maybe I will
go (future) back to London to work there for a while.
- As you can see, I have become (present perfect) a real London fan already.
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