5. He was startled (adj) by an
old (adj) horse-wizard with a
long (adj) beard, a tall (adj) hat, and a sparkly (adj)cloak.
6. Toby calmly (adv)
explained that he was looking for
some new (adj) shoes because
his old (adj)shoes
were worn out (adj).
7. The horse-wizard waved his
hooves around
mysteriously (adv) and offered Toby two gold (adj) horseshoes.
8. Toby accepted the bright
gold (adj) horseshoes and
turned to shake the mysterious
(adj) hoof of the horse-wizard.
9. The dark (adj) horse-wizard
had quite amazingly (adv)
vanished into thin (adj) air
and Toby was deeply (adv) impressed.
10. Toby figured that he
should put on the
shiny new (adj) horseshoes to see how well (adv)
they fit.
11. He was relieved (adj)
that the horseshoes fit so
snuggly (adv) and comfortably (adv) on his big
hooves.
12. His legs felt powerful
(adj) and nimble (adj), and he
couldn't believe how fast (adv)
he could move.
13. As he was running through
the lush (adj) meadow,
Toby took flight and soared through
the blue (adj) sky.
14. He was deftly (adv)
flying through the cool (adj) air
across a lonely (adj) canyon,
and he was good (adj) at it too .
15. As he travelled the empty
(adj) sky, beautiful (adj)
rainbows and neon (adj)
hearts streamed from
the magic (adj) shoes.
16. Toby suddenly (adv)
bumped into an evil (adj)unicorn;
the skies went black (adj)
and Toby was very scared (adj).
17. The evil (adj) unicorn
shot a grey (adj) beam of sad (adj) faces at
Toby, and Toby barely (adv) dodged
them by rolling left (adj).
18. Toby was confused (adj)
and worried (adj), but he knew
that the unicorn was terribly
(adv) evil (adj) and must be stopped.
19. He thought of the good
(adj) things in the world,
like cuddly (adj) puppies, first
(adj) dances, and happy (adj) butterflies.
20. Toby lovingly (adv)
shot a beam of pure (adj) goodness
from his
heart, hitting the unicorn in his wicked (adj) face.
Examples
of participles used as adjectives
1.
Singing (present
participle)
2.
Galloping
(present participle)
3.
Stolen (past
participle)
4.
Rolling (present)
5.
Broken (past)
6.
Barking (present)
7.
Burnt (past)
8.
Unknown (past)
9.
Swinging
(present)
10.
Lost (past)
frozen (past)
11.
Tiring (present)
paid (past)
12.
Tired (past)
13.
Annoying
(present)
14.
Frightened (past)
15.
Excited (past)
16.
Shocked (past)
17.
Disgusting
(present).
18.
Boring (present)
19.
Bored (past)
20.
Embarrassing
(present)
Past Continuous
an action in progress in the past either when:
1)
a shorter action took place
(Example: We were playing
cards (past continuous)
when she arrived (simple past).
He was sleeping when the phone rang.)
2)
or, at a very precise moment
(Example: It was snowing at 10am yesterday.)
Note:
The 2nd action is in the simple past.
He was sleeping when the phone rang.
It was snowing at 10am yesterday.
They were flying to Tokyo at this time
yesterday.
Subject + simple past of “to be” +
verb-ing
I was eating when the phone rang.
I was baking a cake when they arrived.
I was watching a movie when it started to rain.
Past Continuous
Practice http://esl.about.com/od/Find-the-Mistake/a/Past-Continuous-Worksheets.htm
1. What _were you doing (you do) when he arrived?
2. She _was watching____ (watch) TV at two
o'clock.
3. They _weren’t sleeping____ (not sleep) at five
o'clock.
4. Peter _was working__ (work) when I telephoned.
5. Tim _was studying (study) German while they
were
6. studying French.
7. I __wasn’t paying attention___ (not pay
attention) during
8. the
presentation.
9. _Was Brian talking____ (Brian talk) during the
lesson?
10. We _weren’t cooking____ (not cook) when he
walked
in the door.
11. Jason _was playing____ (play) the piano at
three
o'clock yesterday afternoon.
12. When __was Howard giving___ (Howard give)
the
presentation exactly?
Past Perfect
an action that was completed in the past, either:
1)
before another action took place
2)
or, before a very precise moment
He
had slept a little before the phone rang.
It
had started to snow by 10am yesterday.
They
had left for Tokyo by this time yesterday.
I
was sure that I had seen him before.
Subject
+ had + past participle.
I had smoked before my father arrived.
Past Perfect Practice
1. They __had eaten__ (eat) before he arrived.
2. _Had you finished___ (you finish) the report
before
3. he asked for it?
4. Jennifer __had bought___ (buy) the house
before
5. the market crashed.
6. What __had she done___ (she do) that upset him
so much?
7. Our boss _hadn’t made____ (not make) the
decision yet
8. when management changed their mind.
9. The students _had written____ (write) the
report,
10. but the teacher made them do it again.
11. Mark _had wanted____ (want) to go to New York,
12. but his wife changed his mind.
13. _Had they
invested____ (they invest) in that stock
14. before the market improved?
15. Alex __hadn’t done___ (not do) the gardening
before it
16. started raining.
17. Their decision _had been made
_
passive voice before conditions changed.
Past Perfect
Continuous
We
had been sleeping for a long time when the phone rang.
It
had been snowing for several hours by 10a.m. yesterday.
They
had been flying to Tokyo for a few hours by this time yesterday.
Subject
+ had been + verb-ing
Past
Perfect Continuous Practice
1.
We (sleep) _had been sleeping for 12 hours when
2.
he woke us up.
3.
They (wait) had been waiting at the station for 90 minutes
4.
when the train finally
arrived.
5.
They had been waiting
at the station since 9am.
6.
We (look for) _had been looking for
7.
her ring for two hours
and then we found it in the bathroom.
8.
I (not / walk) _hadn’t been walking_ for a long time, when it
9.
suddenly began to
rain.
10.
How long (learn / she) _had she been learning_ English
before she went to London?
11.
Frank Sinatra caught
the flu because he (sing) _
because he had been
singing in the rain too long.
12.
He (drive)_had been driving less than an hour when
he ran out of petrol.
13.
They were very tired
in the evening because they
had been (help) helping_ on the farm all day.
14.
I (not / work) _hadn’t been working_ all day; so I wasn't tired and went
to the disco at night.
15.
They (cycle) had been cycling_ all day so their legs
were sore in the
evening.
Past Continuous – the first action was happening in the
past
when the second action happened.
I was playing cards when she arrived.
Subject + verb “to be” in the past +
verb-ing
She was dancing when I entered her house.
Past Perfect – the first action happened (and most
likely finished)
before the 2nd action happened.
We had played cards before she arrived.
Subject + had + past participle
She had broken her leg before even before
she started skiing.
Past Perfect Continuous – An action took place for a
duration of
time in the past before a second action took
place
I had been sleeping for two hours before the
telephone rang.
Subject + had been + verb-ing
They had been swimming since 8am/for 3
hours.
How long had they been swimming (when the
accident happened)?
Note: the later action is in
simple past.
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Past
Perfect and Past Simple and Past Continuous
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Had
+ past participle (ed) was/were + verb-ing
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Past Perfect – when one action is
completed
before another one happens
Past Continuous – one action is still
happening
when another one happens
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Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past
perfect simple or past continuous.
1.
A: Where 1) ...were... (be) you last night? B: I 2) ...was....... (be) at the cinema. I 3) ...was watching...... (watch) a great film when a fire
4) broke out.... (break out).
A: Oh gosh! How 5) ..did it happen (it/happen)? B: Someone 6) ...dropped/had dropped.. (drop) a match into a waste-paper basket.
2.
A: 1) ..Did you go..... (you/go) to the beach on Saturday? B: No. I 2) ..went .... (go) on Sunday instead. A: 3) .Did you have... (you/have) a good time? B: No. I didn't. I 4) ..was sunbathing.. (sunbathe) when it 5) started.... (start)
raining, so I 6) ...left....... (leave) in a hurry.
3.
A: I 1) .....lost..... (lose) my keys yesterday. B: Where 2) .did you lose.... (you/lose) them? A: I don't know. I 3) .went.... (go) shopping and when I got back. I 4) ..realized... (realize) that I 5) ....had left.. (leave) my keys somewhere. II. Put the verbs in brackets into the past
perfect simple or the past perfect continuous.
1.
A: Are you alright? You look tired. B: Yes. I am. I didn't sleep very well. I 1) ...had just gone... (just/go) to sleep last night when a lot of noise outside woke me up. I got up and went to the window. I 2) ..had been standing....... (stand) there for a few minutes when two police cars stopped outside my house. I went downstairs and a policeman told me that two prisoners 3) ..had escaped from prison and were hiding in the area. A: Did they catch them again? B: Yes. but I didn't sleep very well after that.
2.
A: Did you do anything exciting at the weekend? B: Not really. By the time I 1) ...did... (do) my shopping and cleaned the house, Saturday was nearly over. What about you? A: Well. I 2) ..had planned... (plan) to go out with my friend but she was late and I 3) had been waiting (wait) for nearly two hours before she phoned me to say she couldn't come after all. B: That's a shame. Next weekend, we should go somewhere nice together. III. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect simple or the past simple.
A)
Bert and Willy 1) ...went... (go) fishing on Sunday. They 2)....took........ (take) some sandwiches and some coffee with them. They 3) ....sat..... (sit) on the river bank all day but by the time they 4) ...left..... (leave), they 5) ..hadn’t caught. (not/catch) anything. B) James 1)...was... (be) late for work this morning. He 2) ..forgot... (forget) to set his alarm clock and then, when he 3) .got.... (get) to work, his boss 4)...was... (be) very angry. C) Barry 1) ..had.... (have) lots of work to do yesterday. He 2) ...had gotten up... (get up) very early and by six o'clock, he 3) ...had finished.... (finish). Then, he 4) ...had.. (have) time to relax. D) Yesterday. Liz 1) ..went.... (go) to a party. She 2) .had. (have) a great time, but when she 3) ..got.. (get) home, she 4) ..realized..... (realize) she 5) had forgotten... (forget) her jacket. So she 6) ..went.... (go) back to the party to get it. IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect simple or the past perfect continuous.
Yesterday was a bad day for Andrew. He 1) ...hadn't
slept... (not/sleep) well because there was a terrible storm in
the night. After he 2) ..he had had.... (have) a shower, he made breakfast.
After he 3) ...had eaten....... (eat), he got into his car and drove to work.
He
4) had been driving.... (only/drive) for five
minutes when he remembered that he 5) ......had left/left.. (leave) his
briefcase at home. He turned the car around and went home again. Then, he
realized that he 6) ...had locked.... (lock) himself out. The keys were still
inside the house! Andrew was already late for work, so he decided to leave
the briefcase and go to work. When he arrived, his secretary told him that
his boss 7) .....had tried/had been trying...... (try) to call him at home.
Andrew went to find his boss. When he asked his boss why he 8) had called
him/had been calling him (call), he told him that it hadn't been necessary
for him to come to work that day after all! Poor Andrew drove all the way
home again.
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Past perfect continuous – An action that
occurred in the past for a duration of time before
The second action happened.
Subj had been -ing
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