p. 190 – Exercise 1
A: Did you read the
story about Lincoln before class?
B: No. I didn’t have time.
A: You should have
read it. Our lesson depends on it. It’s about Lincoln.
B: Who’s Lincoln?
A: What do you mean, “Who’s
Lincoln?” Abraham Lincoln. You must have heard of him. He was one of the most well-known presidents
of the U.S.
B: Oh. Abraham Lincoln. Of course I’ve heard of him. I thought you said “Leeko.”
A: Oh. I must have pronounced his name wrong. Sorry.
Anyways, he gave one of the greatest speeches of any American
president. But after the speech, he
said, “I should have read it more carefully.”
B: He must have been
writing it very fast.
A: No. I don’t think he wrote it fast. I think he chose his words very carefully. The people in the audience might have
expected a longer speech. But it was a
perfect speech, and he was a great president.
B: If he was such a
good president, he must have been well-liked.
A: He was well-liked
by many in the North, but most Southerners didn’t like him because they wanted
slavery to continue.
p. 192 Exercise 2
1. He could have
preferred an earlier class.
2. He might have
wanted to be in his friend’s class.
3. The class may have
been too hard for him.
4. He could have gotten
sick.
5. He may not have
liked the teacher.
6. He might have
found a full-time job.
7. He could have had
a lot of problems at home.
8. He might have left
town.
p. 192 Exercise 3
1. A: I was trying to call your house last night,
but you didn’t answer.
B: What time did
you call?
A: After 8 p.m.
B: Let’s
see. Where was I? I might have been at the library at that
time.
A: Bit I tried calling your cell phone too.
B: I may have turned it off. I usually turn it off when I’m at the
library. Why didn’t you leave a message?
A: I did leave a message.
B: Oh. I
might have deleted it by mistake.
A: You deleted my message?
B: Sorry.
2. A: Have you seen my keys?
B: You’re always losing your keys. You may have left them in your pocket.
A: No, they’re not there. I already looked.
B: Well, you could have dropped them as you were
getting out of the car.
A: When I drop keys, I can hear them hit the
ground, so I’m sure that’s not it.
B: Well, you might have left them in the door
when you came in last night.
A: Oh, you’re
right! They’re in the door. Thanks.
3. A: I’m so
upset. I left my dictionary in class yesterday. Now, I’ll have to buy a new one.
B: Why don’t you ask the teacher? She might have picked it up.
A: I already did. She didn’t pick it up.
B: Why don’t you go to the “lost and found”? Somebody may have found it and returned it
there.
A: Where’s the “lost and found”?
B: In front of the cafeteria.
4. A: I applied for a
job three weeks ago, but so far I haven’t heard anything. I probably didn’t do well on the interview.
B: You don’t know
that. They might have interviewed
hundreds of candidates for the job.
Anyway, why don’t you call and tell the company you’re still interested?
A: But they could
have hired someone else already.
B: You won’t know if
they hired someone else unless you ask.
5. A: I asked my boss
for a raise last week, and she said she’d get back to me. But so far she hasn’t mentioned anything.
B: She might have forgotten about it. I’m sure she has a lot on her mind and can
easily forget something. Why don’t you
ask her again?
A: I sent an e-mail to an old friend and I got a
message saying it was undeliverable.
B: You might have written the address wrong.
A: No. I
checked. I wrote it correctly.
B: Your friend may have closed his old account.
p. 200 Exercise 5
1. I was so tired
that I could have slept for 12 hours yesterday.
2. I was so
embarrassed when I made a mistake in my speech that I could have died of shame.
3. She was so happy
when she fell in love she could have walked on air.
4. I was so happy
when my counselor told me about my scholarship that I could have kissed him.
5. The movie was so
good I could have watched it again and again.
6. Your cookies were
so good that I could have eaten all of them.
7. I enjoyed dancing
so much last night that I could have danced all night.
8. It was so hot
yesterday that we could have fried an egg on the street.
p. 200 Exercise 6
1.
A: I heard you bought
a condo.
B: We did.
A: Why didn’t you buy
a house? Was it too expensive?
B: We could have
bought a house, but we don’t have enough time to take care of things. So we thought a condo would be better. There’s someone to take care of the grass in
the summer and the snow in the winter.
2.
A: What do you do for
a living?
B: I’m a waiter, but
I could have been a famous actor.
Everyone says I’ve got a lot of talent.
And my wife could have had a career in modeling. She’s so beautiful.
A: It’s not too late
to follow your dreams.
B: We have small kids
to support. So I think my acting dreams
and her modeling dreams are over.
3.
A: Do you want to see
our new apartment? We moved last
Saturday.
B: Why did you
move? You had a lovely apartment. I’m surprised you didn’t stay there.
A: We could have
lived there. The rent wasn’t too bad and
the landlord was nice. But it was far
from school and work.
B: Who helped you
move?
A: We did it all ourselves.
B: Why didn’t you let
me know? I could have helped you.
A: We didn’t want to
bother our friends.
B: What are friends
for?
A: Anyway, you have a
small car. We needed to rent a van.
B: I could have
borrowed my sister’s van. She always
lets me borrow it if I have to move stuff.
A: We appreciate your
kindness, but everything worked out fine.
4.
A: I can’t believe
you tried to fix the ceiling light without shutting off the electricity
first. You could have
hurt/killed/electrocuted yourself.
B: But I didn’t. I’m still alive and the light is fixed.
A: You shouldn’t take
chances. And you got up on that tall
ladder when you were home alone. You
could have fallen, and no one would have been here to help you.
B: But I didn’t
fall. You worry too much. Everything’s okay. The light is fixed, and I didn’t break a leg.
5.
I bought stocks and sold them a few months later. Now they’re worth four times as much as what
I sold them for. I could have made a lot
of money.
B: You never know
with the stock market. You could have
lost a lot of money too.
6.
A: Sorry I’m so late.
B: What happened?
A: I had to take
three buses to get to a job interview in the suburbs. It took me almost two hours to get there.
B: Why didn’t you
tell me? I could have driven you there
in my car.
A: I didn’t want to
bother you.
B: You wasted a whole
day today. You could have been home
hours ago.
A: That’s not a problem. I’m home now.
And I did my homework while I was on the bus on the way there. On the way home, I slept most of the
way. It’s a good thing the person
sitting next to me woke me up. I could
have missed my bus stop.
p. 205 Exercise 8
A: I didn’t study for
the last test, and I failed it.
B: You should have
studied.
A: I know, but there
was a great party the night before, and I went with my friends.
B: You shouldn’t have
gone to a party the night before a test.
1.
A: I’m so
hungry. I didn’t have time to eat
breakfast this morning.
B: You should have
eaten something before class.
A: I know, but I was
late.
B: What time did you
get up?
A: About 45 minutes
before class.
B: You should have
gotten up earlier. By the way, what
topic did you use for your composition?
A: Oh, my gosh! I forgot about the composition.
B: You should have
written down the assignment.
A: You’re right. I’ll
get a calendar, and from now on, I’ll write down all my assignments.
2.
A: Hi. I’m at the
supermarket now. Did you ask me to buy
cereal?
B: Yes. Don’t you remember? You should have brought the list.
A: I know, but I
thought I’d remember everything, so I didn’t take the list.
B: This is what we need: a gallon of milk, a bag of dog
food, and a watermelon.
A: Those things are
heavy. How do you expect me to carry all
of those things home?
B: In the car, of
course.
A: Oh. I came here by bike. I should have taken the
car.
3.
A: How was your trip
during spring break?
B: It was great. You should have come/gone with us.
A: I wanted to go with
you, but I didn’t have enough money.
B: You should have
saved your money instead of spending it eating out in restaurants all the time.
A: You’re right. And I shouldn’t have bought so many CDs.
B: Did you get my
postcard?
A: No. When did you send it?
B: Over two weeks
ago. I should have taken it to the post
office instead of putting it in the hotel mailbox.
4.
H: I washed my blue
pants with my new white shirt and now my shirt looks blue.
W: You should have
separated the clothes by color before putting them in the washing machine. I always separate mine.
H: I should have
given my clothes to you to wash.
W: I may be your
wife, but I’m not your maid. So don’t give me your dirty clothes.
5.
W: This is a terrible
trip. Why did you suggest going to the mountains?
We should have
gone to the coast. It’s too cold here. I don’t like cold weather.
H: You should have
told me that before we left.
W: I did tell you
that, but you didn’t pay attention. We
didn’t take jackets. We should have brought our jackets.
H: We can go buy
some.
W: I don’t want to
spend money on jackets when we’ve got perfectly good ones at home.
H: Maybe we should
have stayed home instead of taking a trip.
6.
S: Can you tell me my
midterm grade?
T: Didn’t you receive
it by mail?
S: No. I moved right after the semester began.
T: You should have
done/made/reported a change of address in the school office when you moved.
S: I’ll report it
today. So can you tell me my grade?
T: It’s a C.
S: Why a C? I got Bs and As on the tests.
T: But you didn’t do
all your homework. You should have done/completed/finished
all your homework.
S: But I had to work
full-time.
T: You should have
thought about that before you registered for four courses.
S: You’re right. I didn’t think much about homework when I
registered.
7.
A: I took a young
woman from class out for dinner last week, but I didn’t have enough money.
B: You should have
taken enough money with you.
A: I took $30 with
me. I thought we were going to go to a
fast-food place, but she chose a fancy restaurant.
B: You should have
chosen/picked/selected the restaurant.
A: I realized that
later. She ordered appetizers, then
dinner, then dessert and coffee. I
thought she would pay for part of the dinner.
But when the bill came, she just sat there.
B: You should have
told her that you wanted to split the bill.
A: I couldn’t tell
her that. I was trying to impress her.
B: So what did you
do?
A: I went to the
bathroom and called my brother on my cell phone. He rushed over to the restaurant and brought
me some money. He pretended that our
meeting there was an accident.
B: You should have
told her the truth. Lying to her is no
way to start a relationship.
A: I don’t think I’m
going to go out with her again.
8.
A: What happened to
your car?
B: I had an accident.
Someone hit me from behind.
A: What did the
police say?
B: We didn’t call the
police. The other driver gave me his
phone number and told me he would pay for the damage. But when I called, it was a disconnected
number.
A: You should have
called the police.
B: And I should have taken/written
the information from his driver’s license.
A: You mean you didn’t
even take information from his driver’s license?
B: No. He looked
honest.
A: You should have
taken/written information about his insurance too.
B: I know. It’s too late to get it now.
Page 189/Page 190 formula
Past Modals
Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below,
then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Don't forget to
capitalize when necessary. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.
can could have to
must might should
1.
Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He be
exhausted after such a long flight. He prefer
to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you leave small objects lying around. Such objects be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they die.
8. I speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we read it if we needed extra credit. But we read it if we don't want to.
10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It be in this drawer but it's not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It be in there. That's the only other place it be.
11. You take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it rain later on this afternoon.
12. we pull over at the next rest stop? I really use the bathroom and I don't know if I hold it until we get to Chicago.
13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He have left it here last night.
14. Ned: I borrow your lighter for a minute?
Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.
15. I believe she said that to Megan! She insulted her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer be someone in this room. It be any one of us!!!
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you leave small objects lying around. Such objects be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they die.
8. I speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we read it if we needed extra credit. But we read it if we don't want to.
10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It be in this drawer but it's not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It be in there. That's the only other place it be.
11. You take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it rain later on this afternoon.
12. we pull over at the next rest stop? I really use the bathroom and I don't know if I hold it until we get to Chicago.
13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He have left it here last night.
14. Ned: I borrow your lighter for a minute?
Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.
15. I believe she said that to Megan! She insulted her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer be someone in this room. It be any one of us!!!
2.
18. Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.
Pamela: It have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
19. Do you always say the first thing that pops into your head? you think once in awhile before you speak?
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room. It be lying around here somewhere. Where it be? .
18. Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.
Pamela: It have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
19. Do you always say the first thing that pops into your head? you think once in awhile before you speak?
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room. It be lying around here somewhere. Where it be? .
Movie “The Recruit” – we are watching
10 minutes a day in class with subtitles.
The Recruit
Characters:
James played by Collin Farrell – hacker/bartender
Walter played by Al Pacino – CIA agent
In the opening scene, James is showing a
group of people his hacking skills.
One of
his potential clients wants him to hack into
the Sony booth to put the company logo there.
Walter is watching this interaction from a distance.
Next, we see James in a bar as a bartender.
Walter is at the bar and starts up a conversation
with James. He wants James to
join the CIA, like his
father before him. Once Walter
starts walking
Out of the bar, James follows him to find out more.
Walter gives James a deadline to respond.
The next day, James decides to call Walter to
find out more about the opportunity.............
......to be continued.....
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